Health-Related Quality of Life and Associated Factors Among COVID-19 Survivors in Padang, Indonesia

Arinil Haq; Vivi Triana; Ade Suzana Eka Putri

Arinil Haq Department of Public Health, Faculty of Public Health, Andalas University, Padang City, West Sumatra, Postal Code 25163, Indonesia
Vivi Triana Department of Public Health, Faculty of Public Health, Andalas University, Padang City, West Sumatra, Postal Code 25163, Indonesia
Ade Suzana Eka Putri Department of Public Health, Faculty of Public Health, Andalas University, Padang City, West Sumatra, Postal Code 25163, Indonesia

Keywords: COVID-19, Health-related quality of life, Marital status, Mental health, Survivors

Abstract

Background: COVID-19 may affect the quality of life of survivors beyond the acute phase of infection. Understanding its long-term and multifaceted effects is important, particularly among individuals who have recovered from COVID-19. This study aimed to identify determinants of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among COVID-19 survivors in Padang, Indonesia.

Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted in July 2022 among 84 adults who had recovered from COVID-19 and were listed in the Padang City Health Office database. Participants were selected using simple random sampling and completed an online questionnaire. HRQoL was assessed using the WHOQOL-BREF, while mental health was screened using the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). Associations were examined using the chi-square test for bivariate analysis and multiple logistic regression for multivariate analysis.

Results: Mental health was significantly associated with HRQoL (p = 0.010; PR = 3.40; 95% CI: 1.40–8.40). In the multivariate analysis, mental health (p = 0.015; OR = 3.23; 95% CI: 1.26–8.30) and marital status (p = 0.038; OR = 2.86; 95% CI: 1.06–7.73) were independently associated with HRQoL.

Conclusion: Mental health problems and marital status were independently associated with HRQoL among COVID-19 survivors in Padang. These findings highlight the importance of integrating mental health screening and psychosocial support into post-COVID-19 services. Longitudinal studies are needed to clarify the temporal relationships between mental health, marital status, and HRQoL.