Teknik Pemeriksaan Keabsahan Data pada Penelitian Kualitatif di Bidang Kesehatan Masyarakat
Abstract
Pendahuluan: Secara umum metode penelitian didefinisikan sebagai suatu kegiatan ilmiah yang terencana, terstruktur, sistematis, dan memiliki tujuan tertentu baik praktis maupun teoritis. Dikatakan terstruktur karena kegiatan ini berlangsung mengikuti suatu proses dan tahapan-tahapan tertentu. Salah satu tahapannya adalah tahapan dalam pengumpulan data. Data merupakan hal yang sangat krusial dalam penelitian, sehingga dalam perjalanannya, data yang dikumpulkan harus memenuhi syarat pada pemeriksaan keabsahan data, termasuk dalam penelitian kualitatif.
Metode: Metode yang digunakan adalah literature review, yaitu literatur dikumpulkan dari berbagai sumber seperti buku, jurnal, artikel ilmiah yang saling terkait.
Hasil dan Pembahasan: Pemeriksaan terhadap keabsahan data merupakan sebagai unsur yang tidak terpisahkan dari tubuh pengetahuan penelitian kualitatif. Teknik pemeriksaan keabsahan data dalam penelitian kualitatif meliputi uji kredibilitas (perpanjangan pengamatan, meningkatkan ketekunan, triangulasi, analisis kasus negatif, menggunakan bahan referensi, atau mengadakan membercheck), transferabilitas, dependabilitas, maupun konfirmabilitas.
Kesimpulan: Teknik pemeriksaan keabsahan data yang dapat dilakukan pada penelitian kualitatif yaitu dengan melakukan uji kredibilitas, transferabilitas, dependabilitas, maupun konfirmabilitas.
Kata kunci: kredibilitas, transferabilitas, triangulasi, dependabilitas, konfirmabilitas
Data Validity Check Techniques in Qualitative Research in Public Health
Introduction: In general, the research method is defined as a scientific activity that is planned, structured, systematic, and has specific objectives both practical and theoretical, both in quantitative and qualitative research. It is said to be structured because this activity takes place following a certain process and stages. One of the stages is the stage in data collection. Data is very crucial in the research, so that in its journey, the data collected must meet the requirements on the validity of the data. This study aims to explain the theory about the data validity check techniques in qualitative research in public health.
Method: The method used is literature review, which is literature collected from various sources such as books, journals, scientific articles that are interrelated.
Result: Data Validity Check Techniques is an inseparable element of the body of qualitative research knowledge in the field of public health. Data validity checking techniques in this qualitative study include credibility tests (extended observations, increasing perseverance, triangulation, negative case analysis, using reference material, or holding a member check), transferability, dependability, and confirmability.
Conclusion: Data validity checking techniques that can be carried out in qualitative research in the field of public health are by conducting tests of credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability.
Keywords: credibility, transferability, triangulation, dependability, confirmability
References
Murti B. Desain dan Ukuran Sampel untuk Penelitian Kuantitatif dan Kualitatif di Bidang Kesehatan. Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University; 2013.
Ika. Jumlah Perokok Indonesia di Atas 15 Tahun Tinggi [Internet]. Tersedia pada: http://ugm.ac.id/id/berita/17409-jumlah- perokok-indonesia-di-atas-15-tahun-tinggi.
Sugiyono. Metode Penelitian Kualitatif. Untuk Penelitian yang Bersifat: Eksploratif, Enterpretif, Interaktif, dan Konstruktif. Bandung: Alfabeta; 2017.
Zamili M. Menghindari dari Bias: Praktik Triangulasi dan Kesahihan Riset Kualitatif. J Lisan Al-Hal. 2015; 7 (2): 283–302.
Rahmat PS. Penelitian Kualitatif. J Equilibrium. 2009; 5 (9): 1–8.
Hadi S. Pemeriksaan Keabsahan Data Penelitian Kualitatif pada Skripsi. J Ilmu Pendidik. 2016;22(1):74–9.
Bachri BS. Meyakinkan Validitas Data melalui Triangulasi pada Penelitian Kualitatif. J Teknol Pendidik. 2010;10( 1):46–62.
Mustari M dan Rahman MT. Pengantar Metode Penelitian. Yogyakarta: LaksBang Pressindo; 2012.
Raco JR. Metode Penelitian Kualitatif: Jenis, Karakteristik, dan Keunggulannya. Jakarta: PT Grasindo; 2010.
Denzin, Norman K YSL. The Sage Handbook of Qualitative Research. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Belajar; 2011.
Rachmawati IN. Pengumpulan Data dalam Penelitian Kualitatif: Wawancara. J Keperawatan Indonesia. 2007; 11 (1): 35–40.
Hasanah H. Teknik-Teknik Observasi (Sebuah Alternatif Metode Pengumpulan Data Penelitian Kualitatif Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial). J at-Taqaddum. 2016; 8 (2): 21–46.
Salim. Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif. Bandung: Citapustaka Media; 2016.
Nilamsari N. Memahami Studi Dokumen dalam Penelitian Kualitatif. J Wacana. 2014; 8 (2): 177–181.
Afiyanti Y. Validitas dan Reliabilitas dalam Penelitian Kualitatif. J Keperawatan Indonesia. 2008;12 (2):137–141.
Authors who publish with this Journal agree to the following terms: (Download Copyright Notice)
1. Author retains copyright and grants the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a creative commons attribution license that allows others to share the work within an acknowledgment of the work’s authorship and initial publication of this journal.
2. Authors are able to enter into a separate, additional contractual arrangement for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal’s published version of the work (e.g. acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal).
3. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g. in institutional repositories or on their websites) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published works.
4. User/public use of this website will be licensed to Creative Commons Attribution-ShareALike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0) License.
