Pencegahan Obesitas pada Remaja Melalui Intervensi Promosi Kesehatan: Studi Literatur
Abstract
Abstrak
Latar Belakang: Tingginya kejadian obesitas pada remaja masih menjadi tantangan kesehatan di dunia. Penyebabnya bersifat multifaktorial namun juga banyak disebabkan oleh perilaku hidup tidak sehat, sehingga diperlukan intervensi kesehatan untuk meningkatkan perilaku sehat agar mencegah obesitas sedini mungkin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor penyebab dan komplikasi yang obesitas pada remaja, serta menggambarkan upaya-upaya pencegahan yang data dilakukan.
Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan studi literatur dengan mengikuti prokotol PRISMA 2009. Pencarian artikel dilakukan melalui pustaka elektronik dengan menggunakan 3 database (Google Scholar, PubMed Central, dan Lancet). Kriteria inklusi yang ditetapkan ialah penelitian merupakan studi quasi-experimental dan terbitan 10 tahun. Kata kunci yang diguanakan ialah obesity”, “adolescent”, “prevention”, “health promotion”, dan “quasi.
Hasil: Hasil penelitian dari tinjauan artikel pada menggunakan kata kunci menemukan sebanyak 8.60 artikel, tetapi 7.059 artikel yang tidak sesuai dan masuk kedalam kriteria eksklusi. Kemudian dihasilkan jumlah akhir 6 artikel yang sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi dan terpilih untuk ditelaah.
Kesimpulan: Mencegah obesitas dilakukan melalui perilaku hidup sehat dengan menjaga pola makan dan meningkatkan aktivitas fisik. Perilaku tersebut memerlukan dukungan keluarga dan sekolah. Selain itu, terdapat beberapa alternatif pendukung diet simbang dan aktivitas fisik yang dapat diterapkan pada remaja meliputi: pendidikan kesehatan melalui pesan teks singkat dan booklet, dan video audio visual, pemantauan berat badan melalui aplikasi diet, bersepeda ke sekolah, pemanfaatan halaman sekolah, dan exergaming. Sehingga digharapkan keluarga dan pihak sekolah berperan aktif dalam memberikan edukasi kepada remaja.
Kata Kunci: Obesitas, Preventif, Promosi kesehatan, Remaja
Abstract
Background: The high incidence of obesity in adolescents is still a global health challenge. The causes are multifactorial but also many are caused by unhealthy living behavior, so that health interventions are needed to improve healthy behavior in order to prevent obesity as early as possible. This study aims to determine the causative factors and complications of obesity in adolescents, as well as to describe the prevention efforts that the data has carried out.
Methods: Electronic study literature using 3 databases (Google Scholar, PubMed Central, and Lancet) using a quasi-experimental design study found from the last 10 years by following the 2009 PRISMA protocol according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Result: The results of the article review using the keywords "obesity", "adolescent", "prevention", "health promotion", and "quasi" a total of 7,059 articles that do not fit and fall into the exclusion criteria. Then a final number of 6 articles was produced that matched the inclusion criteria and was selected for review.
Conclusion: Based on this research, to prevent obesity is through healthy living behavior by maintaining a diet and increasing physical activity. This behavior requires support from family and school. In addition, there are several alternatives to support a balanced diet and physical activity that can be applied to adolescents including: health education through short text messages and booklets, and audio-visual videos, weight monitoring through diet applications, cycling to school, utilization of the school yard, and exergaming.
Keywords: Adolescent, Health promotion, Obesity, Prevention
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