Pajanan Pestisida terhadap Dermatitis pada Petani Perkebunan di Kota Depok
Abstract
Latar belakang: Prevalensi nasional kasus dermatitis di Indonesia adalah 6,8%. Dampak dari penggunaan pestisida terhadap kesehatan petani yang menerapkan pestisida terbanyak iritasi kulit sebesar 32,95%. Penelitian ini bertujukan untuk mengetahui hubungan penggunaan pestisida dan faktor-faktor lain dengan dermatitis kontak pada petani buah di Kota Depok.
Metode: Desain studi yang digunakan adalah cross sectional dilakukan antara bulan April-Juni 2018 dengan uji cox regression untuk mencari hubungan dan risiko pada tiap variabel. Sampel sebanyak 82 orang yang dipilih dengan teknik purposive sampling dan diwawancara menggunakan kuesioner terstruktur.
Hasil: Ditemukan 81,7% petani buah mengalami dermatitis. Golongan pestisida yang paling banyak digunakan adalah organofosfat, dengan durasi terpajan tertinggi ≥144jam/tahun sebanyak 47 orang (57,3%), frekuensi pajanan ≥2 kali/minggu pada 74 orang (90,2%) dan volume pestisida terbanyak ≥3600L/musim pada 44 orang atau 53,7%. Terlihat adanya risiko antara frekuensi terpajan (PR=5,20; 95% CI 0,68-39,38), dan volume pestisida (PR=2,12; 95% CI 0,52-8,65) dengan dermatitis kontak. Namun, tidak terlihat risiko yang jelas antara golongan pestisida (PR=0,42; 95% CI 0,10-1,80), durasi terpajan (PR=0,64; 0,15-2,57) dengan dermatitis kontak.
Kesimpulan: Studi ini menemukan adanya risiko pada frekuensi pajanan dan volume pestisida terhadap dermatitis kontak, tetapi tidak ditemukan adanya risiko yang jelas pada golongan pestisida dan durasi terpajan.
Kata Kunci: Dermatitis, pestisida, petani buah, organofosfat
Organophosphate Pesticides Exposure to Dermatitis in Fruit Farmers in Depok City
Background: The national prevalence of dermatitis cases in Indonesia is 6.8%. The impact of the use of pesticides on the health of farmers who apply the most pesticides of skin irritation is 32.95%. This study was aimed to determine the relationship between the use of pesticides and other factors with contact dermatitis in fruit farmers in Depok City.
Method: The study design used is cross sectional carried out between April-June 2018 and the Cox Regression test to find relationships and risks in each variable. The sample of 82 people was chosen by purposive sampling technique and interviewed using a structured questionnaire.
Results: It was found that 81.7% of fruit farmers had dermatitis. The most widely used pesticides were organophosphates, with the highest duration of exposure ≥144 hours/year for 47 people (57.3%), the frequency of exposure ≥2 times/week for 74 people (90.2%) and the highest volume of pesticides ≥3600L/ season on 44 people or 53.7%. This study found risk between the frequency of exposure (PR=5.20; 95% CI 0.68-39.38), and the volume of pesticides (PR=2.12; 95% CI 0.52-8.65) with contact dermatitis. However, there was no clear risk between pesticide groups (PR=0.42; 95% CI 0.10-1.80), duration of exposure (PR=0.64; 0.15-2.57) and contact dermatitis.
Conclusion: This study found a risk for contact dermatitis with pesticide exposure frequency and volume, but no clear risk for pesticide class and duration of exposure.
Keywords: dermatitis, fruit farmers, pesticides, organophosphates.
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