Hubungan Kondisi Fisik Rumah dan Keberadaan Perokok dalam Rumah dengan Kejadian ISPA pada Balita di Desa Silo Bonto Kecamatan Silau Laut Kabupaten Asahan
Abstract
Latar belakang : Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut (ISPA) merupakan proses infeksi akut yang berlangsung selama ±14 hari, yang disebabkan oleh mikroorganisme dan menyerang salah satu bagian dan atau lebih dari saluran nafas mulai dari hidung (saluran atas) hingga alveoli (saluran bawah) termasuk jaringan adneksanya seperti sinus, rongga telinga tengah dan pleura. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan kondisi fisik rumah dan keberadaan perokok dalam rumah dengan kejadian ISPA pada balita di Desa Silo Bonto Kecamatan Silau Laut Kabupaten Asahan.
Metode: Jenis penelitian menggunakan pendekatan rancangan cross sectional dengan pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik simple random sampling dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 62 balita. Data dianalisis secara univariat dan bivariat yang menggunakan uji Chi-square.
Hasil: Penelitian ini menunjukkan balita penderita ISPA sebanyak 35 balita (56,5%) dan yang tidak menderita ISPA 27 balita (43,5%). Dari beberapa variabel yang diteliti menunjukan adanya hubungan antara ventilasi (P=0,047; PR= 3,258 ; 95% CI 1,143-9,288), jenis lantai (P=0,004 ; PR= 6,042 ; 95% CI 1,891-19,300), kepadatan hunian (P=0,004 ; PR= 6,042 ; 95% CI 1,891-19,300)dan keluarga perokok (P=0,000 ;PR= 27,200 ; 95% CI 3,237-228,549) dengan kejadian ISPA.
Kesimpulan: Adanya hubungan yang signifikan antara kondisi fisik rumah seperti ventilasi, jenis lantai, kepadatan hunian dan keberadaan perokok dalam rumah dengan kejadian ISPA pada balita. Diharapkan kepada masyarakat agar lebih memperhatikan kondisi fisik rumahnya dengan standart kesehatan dan menghentikan kebiasaan merokok, serta penyuluhan kesehatan oleh petugas kesehatan tentang syarat rumah sehat dan bahaya asap rokok kepada seluruh masyarakat agar balita terhindar dari penyakit ISPA.
Background: Accute Respiratory Infection (ARI) is an acute infectious process that lasts for ± 14 days, caused by microorganisms and attacks one part or more of the airways starting from the nose (upper channel) to the alveoli (lower tract) including adnexal tissue such as sinuses, middle ear cavity and pleura. This study aimed to determine the relationship between the physical condition of the house and the presence of smokers in the home with the incidence of ARI in Silo Bonto Village, Silau Laut, Asahan.
Method: A cross sectional design used simple random sampling technique with a total sample of 62 balita. Data were analyzed by univariate and bivariate using Chi-square test.
Results: This study showed that there were 35 balita with ARI 56.5% and 27 balita those without ISPA 43.5%. We found association between ventilation (P=0,047; PR= 3,258 ; 95% CI 1,143-9,288), type of floor (P=0,004 ; PR= 6,042 ; 95% CI 1,891-19,300), occupancy density (P=0,002; PR= 7,030 ; 95% CI 2,188-22,585) and smoker's family (P=0,000 ;PR= 27,200 ; 95% CI 3,237-228,549) with ARI.
Conclusion: A significant relationship was found between the physical condition of the house such as ventilation, type of floor, occupancy density and the presence of smokers in the home with the incidence of ARI in infants
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