Systematic Review: Pengaruh Jumlah Langkah per Hari terhadap Sindrom Metabolik pada Orang Dewasa dengan Kelebihan Berat Badan
Abstract
Latar Belakang: Kelebihan berat badan merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang cukup besar dialami orang dewasa dan kerap dihubungkan dengan sindrom metabolik karena keduanya disebabkan oleh gaya hidup yang buruk, seperti kurangnya aktivitas fisik. Literatur menyatakan bahwa salah satu cara mengatasi kelebihan berat badan ialah dengan melakukan aktivitas fisik seperti berjalan kaki. Walaupun demikian, belum terdapat systematic review mengenai pengaruh berjalan kaki sebagai usaha mengatasi kelebihan berat badan pada orang dewasa, terutama dalam menurunkan risiko sindrom metabolik. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat bagaimana pengaruh capaian langkah kaki harian terhadap penurunan faktor risiko penyebab sindrom metabolik pada orang dewasa dengan kelebihan berat badan.
Metode: Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah systematic literature review dengan metode PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses) dan terdapat 43.915 jurnal. Setelah dilakukan eksklusi, ditemukan artikel yang sesuai tujuan penelitian kami sebanyak 6 jurnal artikel.
Hasil: Berdasarkan hasil telaah artikel, ditemukan adanya pengaruh jumlah langkah kaki terhadap perubahan indeks massa tubuh, lingkar pinggang, lingkar panggul, Rasio Lingkar Pinggang dan Panggul (RLPP), lemak tubuh, dan komponen biokimia, seperti trigliserida, HDL-C, dan gula darah sebagai indikator risiko sindrom metabolik. Meskipun begitu, terdapat penelitian lain yang inkonsisten terhadap dampak jalan kaki dengan penurunan IMT dan RLPP.
Kesimpulan: Berjalan kaki sebanyak lebih dari 5.000 langkah per hari memiliki efek menguntungkan dalam penurunan faktor risiko sindrom metabolik. Namun, untuk meningkatkan manfaat kesehatan yang lebih signifikan, perlu mempertimbangkan adanya variabel intensitas latihan, laju langkah, serta perbaikan gaya hidup seperti asupan makanan.
Kata Kunci: Jalan kaki, Kelebihan berat badan, Obesitas, Sindrom metabolik
Background: Being overweight is a major public health problem experienced by adults. It is often associated with metabolic syndrome. Both are caused by poor lifestyles, such as lack of physical activity. Some research stated that one way to overcome excess weight is to do physical activity such as walking. However, there has been no systematic review regarding the effect of walking as a solution to overcome excess weight in adults, especially in reducing the risk of metabolic syndrome. This study aims to see how daily walking steps influence in reducing risk factors that cause metabolic syndrome in overweight adults.
Methods: The method used in this research was a systematic literature review with the PRISMA method. It is found 43,915 journals. After the exclusion, 6 journal articles were found matched with our research objectives.
Result: Based on the results of the article review, it was found that there was an influence of the number of steps taken on changes in body mass index, waist circumference, hip circumference, Waist and Hip Ratio (WHR), body fat, and biochemical components, such as triglycerides, HDL-C, and blood sugar as metabolic syndrome risk indicator. However, there are other studies that are inconsistent regarding the impact of walking on reducing BMI and WHR.
Conclusion: Walking more than 5,000 steps per day has a beneficial effect in reducing metabolic syndrome. However, to increase more significant health benefits, it is necessary to consider the variables of exercise intensity, step rate, and lifestyle improvements such as food intake.
Keywords: Metabolic syndrome, Obesity, Overweight, Walking
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