Analysis of Risk Factors Affecting Survival in Tuberculosis Patients: Systematic Review
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Deaths due to TB are still a public health problem today. Monitoring tuberculosis treatment outcomes and examining factors that influence these outcomes is important for evaluation and feedback on national TB control programs. So this research aims to determine the risk factors that influence the survival of TB patients.
Method: This study used a Systematic review. The data sources used are Science Direct and PubMed databases published in 2019 – 2023. The research article found 1,420 articles, filtering the abstracts according to the desired research topic, and ensuring that the articles can be accessed in full-text form, resulting in 14 studies that meet the criteria.
Results: The results of this study showed that the factors that had the greatest influence on TB patient survival were age and HIV status, in 7 of 14 studies. Meanwhile, a third of the studies reviewed found that TB classification, TB anatomical location, gender, race/ethnicity, and history of DM are factors associated with TB patient survival.
Conclusion: The most common variables associated with the survival of TB are age and HIV status. These conditions describe the increasing age and decreased immunity that can affect the survival of TB patients.
Keywords: Mortality, Risk factors, Survival, Tuberculosis
Abstrak
Latar belakang: Kematian akibat TB masih menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat hingga saat ini. Pemantauan hasil pengobatan tuberkulosis dan pemeriksaan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi penting untuk dilakukan evaluasi dan umpan balik pada program pengendalian TB nasional. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor risiko yang mempengaruhi kelangsungan hidup pasien TB.
Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan tinjauan sistematis. Sumber data yang digunakan adalah database Science Direct dan PubMed yang diterbitkan pada tahun 2019 - 2023. Artikel penelitian ditemukan sebanyak 1.420 artikel, menyaring abstrak sesuai dengan topik penelitian yang diinginkan, dan memastikan bahwa artikel dapat diakses dalam bentuk full-text, sehingga menghasilkan 14 penelitian yang memenuhi kriteria.
Hasil: Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa faktor yang paling berpengaruh terhadap ketahanan hidup pasien TB adalah usia dan status HIV, yaitu pada 7 dari 14 penelitian. Sementara itu, sepertiga dari penelitian yang direview menemukan bahwa klasifikasi TB, lokasi anatomis TB, jenis kelamin, ras/etnis, dan riwayat DM merupakan faktor yang berhubungan dengan ketahanan hidup pasien TB.
Kesimpulan: Variabel yang paling umum berhubungan dengan ketahanan hidup TB adalah usia dan status HIV. Kondisi ini menggambarkan semakin bertambahnya usia dan menurunnya kekebalan tubuh dapat mempengaruhi ketahanan hidup pasien TB.
Kata kunci: Faktor risiko, Ketahanan hidup, Mortalitas, Tuberkulosis
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