Prevalence and Factors Associated with Hypertension among Adolescents in Peri-Urban Areas

Abstract

Background: Hypertension in adolescents is becoming an increasingly important health issue because it can continue into adulthood and increase the risk of cardiovascular disease later in life. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of hypertension and pre-hypertension and to analyze the related factors in adolescents in peri-urban areas.

Methods: The study used a cross-sectional design conducted on 40 junior high school students in Mebung District, Alor Regency. Data were collected using structured questionnaires, direct interviews, and measurements of blood pressure, height, and weight. Blood pressure was measured three times with five-minute intervals using pediatric standards based on age, gender, and height. Data on sodium intake, physical activity, family history of hypertension, sleep quality, and stress levels were obtained through validated questionnaires. Data analysis used the chi-square test to assess the relationship between variables.

Results: The prevalence of pre-hypertension was 30% and hypertension was 20%. Three factors showed a significant relationship with hypertension, namely a history of hypertension in the father (p value = 0.038), high sodium intake (p value= 0.002), and sleep duration of less than 8 hours (p value = 0.001). Other factors such as a history of hypertension in the mother, physical activity, sleep disorders, and stress did not show a significant relationship.

Conclusion: Hypertension in adolescents in peri-urban areas is related to genetic factors and lifestyle behavior. Prevention efforts need to be focused on low-sodium nutritional education, adequate sleep management, and routine blood pressure screening in schools.