Determinan Penyakit Ginjal Kronik di Tangerang Indonesia: Studi Cross-sectional
Abstract
Abstract
Latar Belakang: Penyakit ginjal kronik merupakan masalah kesehatan dunia yang sangat penting diperhatikan karena prevalensinya yang terus meningkat, dapat menurunkan tingkat produktivitas penderita, dan membutuhkan biaya pengobatan yang besar. Di Provinsi Banten terdapat 3,1 juta jiwa orang yang mengalami PGK. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui faktor risiko kejadian penyakit ginjal kronik di RSU Kab. Tangerang.
Metode: Penelitian ini adalah penelitian analitik observasional dengan desain cross-sectional yang dilaksanakan pada bulan Januari-Februari 2022. Jenis data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder yaitu rekam medis RSU Kabupaten Tangerang. Sampel yang diambil sudah melalui inklusi dan eksklusi dengan jumlah 89 sampel dan diambil menggunakan teknik sampling total sampling. Data dianalisis dengan uji Chi Square atau Fisher serta regresi logistik biner.
Hasil: Kejadian PGK paling banyak terjadi pada usia ≥60 tahun (52,4%), sebagian besar pasien PGK tidak memiliki riwayat obesitas (54,8%), ada riwayat hipertensi (81,0%), ada riwayat DM (83,3%), dan tidak ada riwayat batu ginjal (83,3%). Risiko terjadinya PGK meningkat pada pasien yang berusia ≥60 tahun (OR=2,163; 95%CI=1,426-3,281), memiliki riwayat obesitas (OR=1,709; 95%CI=1,128-2,590), riwayat hipertensi (OR=3,798; 95%CI=1,987-7,261), riwayat diabetes melitus (OR=5,349; 95%CI=2,664-10,738), dan riwayat batu ginjal (OR=2,025; 95%CI=1,410-2,908). Diabetes melitus merupakan faktor risiko yang paling dominan memengaruhi kejadian PGK (OR=37,358; 95%CI=10,330-135,100).
Kesimpulan: Faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan kejadian PGK adalah usia, obesitas, hipertensi, diabetes melitus, dan batu ginjal. Faktor risiko yang paling berpengaruh terhadap kejadian PGK yaitu diabetes melitus.
Kata Kunci: Faktor risiko, Penyakit ginjal kronik
Abstract
Background: Chronic kidney disease is a world health problem that is very important to pay attention to because its prevalence continues to increase, can reduce the level of productivity of sufferers, and requires large medical expenses. In Banten Province there are 3.1 million people who have CKD. The purpose of this study was to analyze the risk factors for chronic kidney disease in the Regency General Hospital. Tangerang.
Method: This research is an observational analytic study with a cross-sectional design conducted from January-February 2022. The sample is secondary data in the form of medical records. The samples taken have gone through inclusion and exclusion with a total of 89 samples and taken by total sampling. Data were analyzed by Chi Square or Fisher test and binary logistic regression.
Result: The results showed that the highest incidence of CKD occurred at age ≥60 years (52.4%), most CKD patients did not have a history of obesity (54.8%), had a history of hypertension (81.0%), had a history of DM (83.3%), and no history of kidney stones (83.3%). The risk of developing CKD increases in patients aged ≥60 years (OR=2.163; 95% CI=1.426-3.281), have a history of obesity (OR=1.709; 95% CI=1.128-2.590), history of hypertension (OR=3.798; 95 %CI=1.987-7.261), history of diabetes mellitus (PR=5.349; 95% CI=2.664-10.738), and history of kidney stones (OR=2.025; 95% CI=1.410-2.908). Diabetes mellitus is the most dominant risk factor affecting the incidence of CKD (OR=37.358; 95% CI=10.330-135.100).
Conclusion: The risk factors that associated with CKD are age, obesity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and kidney stones. The most influential risk factor for the incidence of CKD is diabetes mellitus.
Keywords: Chronic kidney disease, Risk factors
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